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English to Malay: Recycling of Waste Frying Canola Oil as Ester- Based Drilling Fluid General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Petroleum Eng/Sci
Source text - English Zero environmental impact operations had been a major concern for oil and gas industries during the last 10 years. Continuous research and development has been done on drilling fluids in order to improve the existing formulation to be greener without juggling its basic functions. Stringent regulations have been made for discharging mud, which are varied at different locations. This research was done to formulate the new acceptable ester based mud that satisfies the environmental and drilling standards by using Waste Frying Canola Oil Derived Biodiesel (CODB). Experiments were conducted to study its physical fluid properties, rheological mud properties, rubber compatibility and marine toxicity. The performance of CODB was compared with Sarapar and 20% CODB 80% Sarapar. The results of the study were that CODB met most of the basic requirements for its physical properties but not in terms of kinematic viscosity, as it was a little higher than the standard value. Besides, the rheological properties of CODB mud showed good performance as drilling fluid even though the plastic viscosity was high due to its high kinematic viscosity base fluid. However, this problem could be solved by blending CODB with Sarapar which has lower kinematic viscosity. As for rubber compatibility test, it was noted that CODB mud was incompatible with NBR elastomer since its tensile strength and swelling volume changed quite significant. The LC50 toxicity test for CODB indicating that CODB mud is non-toxic. In conclusion, CODB drilling fluid could offer the best solution in meeting the environmental standards as well as an alternative for oil-based mud function-wise by enhancing some of its properties.
Translation - Malay Operasi yang tidak memberikan kesan buruk terhadap alam sekitar telah diambil berat sepenuhnya oleh industri minyak dan gas sejak 10 tahun yang lalu. Kajian dan pembangunan yang berterusan telah dibuat terhadap lumpur bagi memperbaiki sifatnya untuk menjadi lebih mesra alam tanpa mengetepikan fungsi asasnya. Undang-undang yang lebih ketat telah diperkenalkan bagi pembuangan lumpur di mana ianya berbeza mengikut lokasi. Kajian ini telah dibuat bagi mencipta lumpur berasaskan ester yang baru di mana ianya dapat memenuhi keperluan alam sekitar dan proses penggerudian dengan menggunakan biodiesel daripada sisa minyak goreng kanola (CODB). Eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji sifat fizikal cecair asasnya, sifat lumpur, keseseuaian terhadap getah dan tahap toksik lumpur. Lumpur berasaskan CODB dibandingkan dengan lumpur berasaskan Sarapar dan lumpur berasaskan 20% CODB 80% Sarapar. Hasil kajian mendapati lumpur berasaskan CODB memenuhi kebanyakan ciri-ciri asas fizikal yang diperlukan tetapi tidak daripada segi kelikatan kinematik berikutan nilai yang diperolehi agak tinggi daripada nilai kawalan. Sifat lumpur juga menunjukkan hasil yang baik walaupon kelikatan plastiknya lebih tinggi, di mana ia disebabkan oleh kelikatan cecair asas yang tinggi. Walau bagaimanapon, masalah ini boleh diatasi dengan mencampurkan CODB dengan Sarapar. Bagi eksperimen kesesuaian terhadap getah, didapati lumpur berasaskan CODB tidak sesuai dengan getah NBR kerana ia telah menyebabkan perubahan besar terhadap getah. Bagi eksperimen toksik LC50, lumpur CODB dikategorikan sebagai tidak toksik. Kesimpulannya, lumpur berasaskan CODB boleh dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk memenuhi syarat alam sekitar bagi menggantikan lumpur berasaskan minyak dengan memperbaiki sebahagian sifatnya.
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