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English to Indonesian: The tides of tech General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers (general)
Source text - English Boom times are back in Silicon Valley. Office parks along Highway 101 are once again adorned with the insignia of hopeful start-ups. Rents are soaring, as is the demand for fancy vacation homes in resort towns like Lake Tahoe, a sign of fortunes being amassed. The Bay Area was the birthplace of the semiconductor industry and the computer and internet companies that have grown up in its wake. Its wizards provided many of the marvels that make the world feel futuristic, from touch-screen phones to the instantaneous searching of great libraries to the power to pilot a drone thousands of miles away. The revival in its business activity since 2010 suggests progress is motoring on.
So it may come as a surprise that some in Silicon Valley think the place is stagnant, and that the rate of innovation has been slackening for decades. Peter Thiel, a founder of PayPal, and the first outside investor in Facebook, says that innovation in America is “somewhere between dire straits and dead”. Engineers in all sorts of areas share similar feelings of disappointment. And a small but growing group of economists reckon the economic impact of the innovations of today may pale in comparison with those of the past.
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Across the board, innovations fueled by cheap processing power are taking off. Computers are beginning to understand natural language. People are controlling video games through body movement alone—a technology that may soon find application in much of the business world. Three-dimensional printing is capable of churning out an increasingly complex array of objects, and may soon move on to human tissues and other organic material.
An innovation pessimist could dismiss this as “jam tomorrow”. But the idea that technology-led growth must either continue unabated or steadily decline, rather than ebbing and flowing, is at odds with history. Chad Syverson of the University of Chicago points out that productivity growth during the age of electrification was lumpy. Growth was slow during a period of important electrical innovations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; then it surged.
Translation - Indonesian Silicon Valley kembali bergeliat. Area perkantoran di sepanjang Highway 101 mulai dijejali barisan papan nama perusahaan rintisan yang tampaknya akan punya napas panjang. Harga sewa properti melambung, begitu pula dengan tingkat pemesanan rumah peristirahatan di kota resor seperti Like Tahoe, yang mengisyaratkan penambahan pundi-pundi kekayaan. Bay Area membidani lahirnya industri semikonduktor yang kemudian merintis kemajuan perusahaan komputer dan internet. Para genius dari Valley dengan tangan dinginnya berhasil menciptakan keajaiban yang menjadikan dunia ini makin bercita rasa futuristik, sebut saja ponsel layar sentuh, pencarian dengan hasil seketika dalam pustaka bervolume besar, hingga kemampuan untuk mengendalikan pesawat nirawak dari jarak yang sangat jauh. Semaraknya kegiatan bisnis di wilayah ini sejak 2010 membuktikan bahwa roda inovasi masih terus berputar.
Dengan gambaran seperti ini, cukup mengejutkan bila ada pihak-pihak di Silicon Valley yang menganggap tempat ini ajek, dan tingkat inovasi telah mengalami kemunduran dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Peter Thiel, pendiri PayPal, dan seorang investor eksternal pertama di Facebook, mengatakan bahwa inovasi di Amerika Serikat ibarat “hidup segan mati tak mau”. Banyak insinyur dari berbagai bidang memendam kekecewaannya. Sementara sekelompok kecil ekonom giat memberikan prediksi bahwa dampak inovasi terbaru terhadap ekonomi kemungkinan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan yang terjadi di masa lalu.
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Secara umum, inovasi yang didorong daya pemrosesan berbiaya murah akan makin populer. Komputer mulai mampu berbicara fasih seperti manusia. Pengguna cukup menggerakkan tubuhnya—untuk mengontrol aksi dalam permainan video berkat dukungan teknologi, yang penerapannya segera mendominasi dunia bisnis. Selain itu, pencetakan tiga dimensi mampu menciptakan beragam objek yang makin rumit dan digadang-gadang dapat menangani jaringan manusia dan material organik lainnya dalam waktu dekat.
Pihak yang pesimistis akan inovasi mungkin akan memberikan cemoohan “janji tinggal janji” terhadap situasi ini. Namun, gagasan bahwa kemajuan yang dicetuskan teknologi harus terus berlanjut tanpa kehilangan dayanya atau menurun secara perlahan, daripada pasang lalu surut, bertentangan dengan sejarah. Chad Syverson dari University of Chicago memaparkan bahwa kemajuan teknologi selama periode emas inovasi elektrifikasi pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 berjalan tersendat, meski kemudian melonjak drastis.
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Bachelor's degree - Universitas Sanata Dharma
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