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English to Spanish: Synoptic Oceanography of San Jorge Gulf (Argentina): A Template for Patagonian Red Shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) Spatial Dynamics General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English Abstract
An extensive series of high resolution satellite images from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWIFS) was used in a synoptic oceanographic characterization of San Jorge Gulf (SJG, Argentine Patagonia), an area of great significance for marine conservation and commercial fishing. Remotely sensed information was combined with on-board observer’s data and published information to investigate the role of distinctive oceanographic features in relation to the life cycle of the Patagonian red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri), main target of the industrial fleet in SJG. The thermal regime and production cycle are described for the different sectors of the gulf. Three frontal systems -North, South and Outer SJG- are characterized. The North and South SJG fronts are associated with shrimp reproductive aggregations during late spring and summer. While both function as spawning/nursery grounds, they differ from each other in many respects. The thermohaline South SJG front has its maximum expression during the winter, reflecting the influence of the low-salinity Magellanic Plume, while the thermal North SJG front develops during spring and summer as the water column becomes stratified in the central basin of the gulf. Wind-related down-welling inshore of the front prevails in the North SJG, and upwelling in the South SJG frontal area. Chlorophyll-a is concentrated near the thermocline on the stratified side of the North SJG, and for that reason it is not detected by remote sensors during the spring bloom and the summer, but becomes apparent offshore from the location of the front when the thermocline deepens during the fall (May). In the South SJG front chl-a concentration is high inshore from the front all year-round, related in part to upwelling-mediated resuspension. The northern end of the Outer Front coincides in time and space with a recurrent non-reproductive aggregation of red shrimp between November and January, and is presumably related to foraging.
Translation - Spanish Resumen
Se utilizó una serie extensa de imágenes de alta resolución provenientes del sensor AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) para la caracterización oceanográfica sinóptica del golfo San Jorge (GSJ, Patagonia, Argentina), un área de gran importancia para la conservación marina y la pesca comercial. Con el objetivo de investigar el rol de ciertos fenómenos oceanográficos en relación con el ciclo de vida del langostino patagónico (Pleoticus muelleri), se combinó la información obtenida de forma remota con datos de observadores a bordo e información publicada. Se describen el régimen térmico y el ciclo productivo para los diferentes sectores del golfo. Se caracterizan tres sistemas frontales: Norte, Sur y Externo. Los frentes sur y norte están asociados con las agregaciones reproductivas de langostino entre fines de primavera y verano. Aun cuando ambos funcionan como áreas de desove y cría de larvas, estos dos frentes se diferencian en muchos aspectos. El frente termohalino del sur del GSJ alcanza su máxima expresión durante el invierno, lo cual refleja la influencia de la pluma magallánica de baja salinidad; mientras que el frente térmico del norte del golfo se desarrolla durante la primavera y el verano, a medida que la columna de agua se estratifica en la zona central del golfo. Al norte del GSJ, en el lado costero del frente, prevalece el downwelling (hundimiento de las aguas) generado por el viento; mientras que en la zona frontal al sur del golfo prevalece el upwelling (surgencias de agua del fondo). En la zona estratificada al norte del GSJ la clorofila se concentra cerca de la termoclina, lo que hace que no sea detectada por los sensores remotos durante los florecimientos de primavera y verano. La clorofila se hace visible hacia el lado oceánico del frente cuando la termoclina se hunde durante el otoño (mayo). Al sur del GSJ la concentración de clorofila es alta del lado costero del frente durante todo el año, lo cual está relacionado en parte con la resuspensión generada por el upwelling. El extremo norte del frente externo coincide en tiempo y espacio con una agregación no reproductiva de langostinos recurrente entre noviembre y enero, lo cual estaría relacionado con su alimentación.
English to Spanish: Remote Monitoring of a Remote Ecosystem- Pulsing Dynamics of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) Forests from Eastern Patagonia General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English This work constitutes an original methodological approach for the prospective and retrospective monitoring of giant kelp habitats. The simplicity of the method, strengthened by the use of satellite images available online together with the utilization of free GIS software makes it accessible to a wide range of users. NDVI showed to be a clear indicator of the presence of kelp, allowing a variety of sensors to be used for this kind of analysis. Since a large number of images were used in order to have the most complete series of data as possible, it became apparent that the usual 'manual' calculation of areas using GIS was not the most efficient way of working. So an automatic method for identifying kelp beds and calculating their area was developed, hoping to obtain similar results with much less effort and that also reduced the possibility of committing human errors. In order to check the accuracy of the method, its results were compared to the data obtained manually. The good correlation attained between both types of data allowed us to use the automatic method for this long term study. Many details need to be taken care of when applying this method to a long series of images in order to avoid errors that can lead to the malfunctioning of the program or the miscalculation of the areas. Among these there are the good georeferentiation and atmospheric correction of the images, the identification of a threshold value of NDVI above which algae can be identified as such, a good delineation of the coastline and a notion of how wide is the local tidal amplitude. Many more can arise depending on each particular case. The use of more advanced sensors that provide images with higher spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions could help the further development of this method, allowing for a more accurate detection of kelp, for example by using spectral signatures instead of a general vegetation index.
Translation - Spanish Este trabajo constituye un acercamiento metodológico original para el monitoreo retrospectivo y prospectivo de los hábitats de kelp gigante. La simpleza del método, fortalecida por el uso de imágenes satelitales disponibles en internet, junto con el uso de software gratuito de análisis espacial (SIG), lo hacen accesible a un gran número de usuarios. El NDVI mostró ser un indicador claro de la presencia de kelp, lo que permite la utilización de una gran variedad de sensores para este tipo de análisis. Dado que se usó un gran número de imágenes a fin de obtener una serie de datos más completa posible, se hizo evidente que el usual cálculo ‘manual’ de las áreas por medio de un GIS no era la forma más eficiente de trabajar. Entonces se desarrolló un método automático para identificar bosques de kelp y calcular sus áreas, con la esperanza de obtener resultados similares con un esfuerzo mucho menor, que también redujera la posibilidad de cometer errores humanos. A fin de chequear la precisión del método, los resultados fueron comparados con datos tomados de forma manual. La buena correlación obtenida entre ambos tipos de datos permitió el uso del método automático para este estudio de largo plazo. Hay muchos detalles a tener en cuenta al momento de aplicar este método a una serie larga de imágenes a fin de evitar errores que pueden llevar al mal funcionamiento del programa o a errores en el cálculo de las áreas. Entre estos detalles se encuentran la buena georeferenciación y la corrección atmosférica de las imágenes, la identificación de un valor mínimo del NDVI por encima del cual las algas se pueden identificar como tales, una buena delineación de la línea de costa y una noción de la amplitud de marea local. Muchos otros pueden surgir en cada caso particular. El uso de sensores más avanzados que provean imágenes con mayor resolución espacial, espectral y temporal podría ayudar en un mayor desarrollo de este método, lo cual permitiría una detección más precisa de los bosques, mediante el uso, por ejemplo, de firmas espectrales en lugar de un índice general de vegetación.
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Graduate diploma - Instituto Superior Lenguas Vivas
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Years of experience: 13. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2013.
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Bio
I'm a translator and also a biologist. I'm aware of how these specialties can complement each other, and that's the main reason why I decided to become both. As a translator I work mainly with scientific-technical texts, being my areas of expertise Marine Biology, Ecology, Oceanography and Remote Sensing. Moving away from the technical area, I currently specialize in subtitles of audiovisual material, such as movies, TV series and documentaries. I've also worked in the fields of Engineering, Finance, Tourism, Geology, Customer Satisfaction Surveys and Medicine.
As a Biologist, I specialize in marine environments, Oceanography and Remote Sensing.
I welcome new challenges, always willing to learn new disciplines.
